Thermal Fluid ODE Compilation and Perf

This is a 1D advection-diffusion-source PDE that uses a second order upwind scheme.

using Pkg
# Rev fixes precompilation https://github.com/hzgzh/XSteam.jl/pull/2
Pkg.add(Pkg.PackageSpec(; name = "XSteam", rev = "f2a1c589054cfd6bba307985a3a534b6f5a1863b"))

using ModelingToolkit, Symbolics, XSteam, Polynomials, BenchmarkTools,
      CairoMakie, OrdinaryDiffEq
using ModelingToolkit: t_nounits as t, D_nounits as D
using SciMLBase: NoInit
using OMJulia

Setup Julia Code

#          o  o  o  o  o  o  o < heat capacitors
#          |  |  |  |  |  |  | < heat conductors
#          o  o  o  o  o  o  o
#          |  |  |  |  |  |  |
#Source -> o--o--o--o--o--o--o -> Sink
#       advection diff source PDE

m_flow_source(t) = 2.75
T_source(t) = (t > 12 * 3600) * 56.0 + 12.0
# @register_symbolic m_flow_source(t)
# @register_symbolic T_source(t)

#build polynomial liquid-water property only dependent on Temperature
p_l = 5 #bar
T_vec = collect(1:1:150);
@generated kin_visc_T(t) = :(Base.evalpoly(
    t, $(fit(T_vec, my_pT.(p_l, T_vec) ./ rho_pT.(p_l, T_vec), 5).coeffs...,)))
@generated lambda_T(t) = :(Base.evalpoly(t, $(fit(T_vec, tc_pT.(p_l, T_vec), 3).coeffs...,)))
@generated Pr_T(t) = :(Base.evalpoly(t,
    $(fit(T_vec, 1e3 * Cp_pT.(p_l, T_vec) .* my_pT.(p_l, T_vec) ./ tc_pT.(p_l, T_vec), 5).coeffs...,)))
@generated rho_T(t) = :(Base.evalpoly(t, $(fit(T_vec, rho_pT.(p_l, T_vec), 4).coeffs...,)))
@generated rhocp_T(t) = :(Base.evalpoly(
    t, $(fit(T_vec, 1000 * rho_pT.(p_l, T_vec) .* Cp_pT.(p_l, T_vec), 5).coeffs...,)))
# @register_symbolic kin_visc_T(t)
# @register_symbolic lambda_T(t)
# @register_symbolic Pr_T(t)
# @register_symbolic rho_T(t)
# @register_symbolic rhocp_T(t)

@connector function FluidPort(; name, p = 101325.0, m = 0.0, T = 0.0)
    sts = @variables p(t)=p m(t)=m [connect=Flow] T(t)=T [connect=Stream]
    ODESystem(Equation[], t, sts, []; name = name)
end

@connector function VectorHeatPort(; name, N = 100, T0 = 0.0, Q0 = 0.0)
    sts = @variables (T(t))[1:N]=fill(T0, N) (Q(t))[1:N]=fill(Q0, N) [connect=Flow]
    ODESystem(Equation[], t, [T; Q], []; name = name)
end

@register_symbolic Dxx_coeff(u, d, T)
#Taylor-aris dispersion model
function Dxx_coeff(u, d, T)
    Re = abs(u) * d / kin_visc_T(T) + 0.1
    if Re < 1000.0
        (d^2 / 4) * u^2 / 48 / 0.14e-6
    else
        d * u * (1.17e9 * Re^(-2.5) + 0.41)
    end
end

@register_symbolic Nusselt(Re, Pr, f)
#Nusselt number model
function Nusselt(Re, Pr, f)
    if Re <= 2300.0
        3.66
    elseif Re <= 3100.0
        3.5239 * (Re / 1000)^4 - 45.158 * (Re / 1000)^3 + 212.13 * (Re / 1000)^2 -
        427.45 * (Re / 1000) + 316.08
    else
        f / 8 * ((Re - 1000) * Pr) / (1 + 12.7 * (f / 8)^(1 / 2) * (Pr^(2 / 3) - 1))
    end
end

@register_symbolic Churchill_f(Re, epsilon, d)
#Darcy weisbach friction factor
function Churchill_f(Re, epsilon, d)
    theta_1 = (-2.457 * log(((7 / Re)^0.9) + (0.27 * (epsilon / d))))^16
    theta_2 = (37530 / Re)^16
    8 * ((((8 / Re)^12) + (1 / ((theta_1 + theta_2)^1.5)))^(1 / 12))
end

function FluidRegion(; name, L = 1.0, dn = 0.05, N = 100, T0 = 0.0,
        lumped_T = 50, diffusion = true, e = 1e-4)
    @named inlet = FluidPort()
    @named outlet = FluidPort()
    @named heatport = VectorHeatPort(N = N)

    dx = L / N
    c = [-1 / 8, -3 / 8, -3 / 8] # advection stencil coefficients
    A = pi * dn^2 / 4

    p = @parameters C_shift=0.0 Rw=0.0 # stuff for latter
    @variables begin
        (T(t))[1:N] = fill(T0, N)
        Twall(t)[1:N] = fill(T0, N)
        (S(t))[1:N] = fill(T0, N)
        (C(t))[1:N] = fill(1.0, N)
        u(t) = 1e-6
        Re(t) = 1000.0
        Dxx(t) = 0.0
        Pr(t) = 1.0
        alpha(t) = 1.0
        f(t) = 1.0
    end

    sts = vcat(T, Twall, S, C, Num[u], Num[Re], Num[Dxx], Num[Pr], Num[alpha], Num[f])

    eqs = Equation[Re ~ 0.1 + dn * abs(u) / kin_visc_T(lumped_T)
                   Pr ~ Pr_T(lumped_T)
                   f ~ Churchill_f(Re, e, dn) #Darcy-weisbach
                   alpha ~ Nusselt(Re, Pr, f) * lambda_T(lumped_T) / dn
                   Dxx ~ diffusion * Dxx_coeff(u, dn, lumped_T)
                   inlet.m ~ -outlet.m
                   inlet.p ~ outlet.p
                   inlet.T ~ instream(inlet.T)
                   outlet.T ~ T[N]
                   u ~ inlet.m / rho_T(inlet.T) / A
                   [C[i] ~ dx * A * rhocp_T(T[i]) for i in 1:N]
                   [S[i] ~ heatport.Q[i] for i in 1:N]
                   [Twall[i] ~ heatport.T[i] for i in 1:N]

                   #source term
                   [S[i] ~
                    (1 / (1 / (alpha * dn * pi * dx) + abs(Rw / 1000))) * (Twall[i] - T[i])
                    for i in 1:N]

                   #second order upwind + diffusion + source
                   D(T[1]) ~
                   u / dx * (inlet.T - T[1]) + Dxx * (T[2] - T[1]) / dx^2 +
                   S[1] / (C[1] - C_shift)
                   D(T[2]) ~
                   u / dx * (c[1] * inlet.T - sum(c) * T[1] + c[2] * T[2] + c[3] * T[3]) +
                   Dxx * (T[1] - 2 * T[2] + T[3]) / dx^2 + S[2] / (C[2] - C_shift)
                   [D(T[i]) ~
                    u / dx *
                    (c[1] * T[i - 2] - sum(c) * T[i - 1] + c[2] * T[i] + c[3] * T[i + 1]) +
                    Dxx * (T[i - 1] - 2 * T[i] + T[i + 1]) / dx^2 + S[i] / (C[i] - C_shift)
                    for i in 3:(N - 1)]
                   D(T[N]) ~
                   u / dx * (T[N - 1] - T[N]) + Dxx * (T[N - 1] - T[N]) / dx^2 +
                   S[N] / (C[N] - C_shift)]

    ODESystem(eqs, t, sts, p; systems = [inlet, outlet, heatport], name = name)
end

@register_symbolic Cn_circular_wall_inner(d, D, cp, ρ)
function Cn_circular_wall_inner(d, D, cp, ρ)
    C = pi / 4 * (D^2 - d^2) * cp * ρ
    return C / 2
end

@register_symbolic Cn_circular_wall_outer(d, D, cp, ρ)
function Cn_circular_wall_outer(d, D, cp, ρ)
    C = pi / 4 * (D^2 - d^2) * cp * ρ
    return C / 2
end

@register_symbolic Ke_circular_wall(d, D, λ)
function Ke_circular_wall(d, D, λ)
    2 * pi * λ / log(D / d)
end

function CircularWallFEM(; name, L = 100, N = 10, d = 0.05, t_layer = [0.002],
        λ = [50], cp = [500], ρ = [7850], T0 = 0.0)
    @named inner_heatport = VectorHeatPort(N = N)
    @named outer_heatport = VectorHeatPort(N = N)
    dx = L / N
    Ne = length(t_layer)
    Nn = Ne + 1
    dn = vcat(d, d .+ 2.0 .* cumsum(t_layer))
    Cn = zeros(Nn)
    Cn[1:Ne] += Cn_circular_wall_inner.(dn[1:Ne], dn[2:Nn], cp, ρ) .* dx
    Cn[2:Nn] += Cn_circular_wall_outer.(dn[1:Ne], dn[2:Nn], cp, ρ) .* dx
    p = @parameters C_shift = 0.0
    Ke = Ke_circular_wall.(dn[1:Ne], dn[2:Nn], λ) .* dx
    @variables begin
        (Tn(t))[1:N, 1:Nn] = fill(T0, N, Nn)
        (Qe(t))[1:N, 1:Ne] = fill(T0, N, Ne)
    end
    sts = [vec(Tn); vec(Qe)]
    e0 = Equation[inner_heatport.T[i] ~ Tn[i, 1] for i in 1:N]
    e1 = Equation[outer_heatport.T[i] ~ Tn[i, Nn] for i in 1:N]
    e2 = Equation[Qe[i, j] ~ Ke[j] * (-Tn[i, j + 1] + Tn[i, j]) for i in 1:N for j in 1:Ne]
    e3 = Equation[D(Tn[i, 1]) * (Cn[1] + C_shift) ~ inner_heatport.Q[i] - Qe[i, 1]
                  for i in 1:N]
    e4 = Equation[D(Tn[i, j]) * Cn[j] ~ Qe[i, j - 1] - Qe[i, j] for i in 1:N
                  for j in 2:(Nn - 1)]
    e5 = Equation[D(Tn[i, Nn]) * Cn[Nn] ~ Qe[i, Ne] + outer_heatport.Q[i] for i in 1:N]
    eqs = vcat(e0, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5)
    ODESystem(eqs, t, sts, p; systems = [inner_heatport, outer_heatport], name = name)
end

function CylindricalSurfaceConvection(; name, L = 100, N = 100, d = 1.0, α = 5.0)
    dx = L / N
    S = pi * d * dx
    @named heatport = VectorHeatPort(N = N)
    sts = @variables Tenv(t) = 0.0
    eqs = [Tenv ~ 18.0
           [heatport.Q[i] ~ α * S * (heatport.T[i] - Tenv) for i in 1:N]]

    ODESystem(eqs, t, sts, []; systems = [heatport], name = name)
end

function PreinsulatedPipe(;
        name, L = 100.0, N = 100.0, dn = 0.05, T0 = 0.0, t_layer = [0.004, 0.013],
        λ = [50, 0.04], cp = [500, 1200], ρ = [7800, 40], α = 5.0,
        e = 1e-4, lumped_T = 50, diffusion = true)
    @named inlet = FluidPort()
    @named outlet = FluidPort()
    @named fluid_region = FluidRegion(
        L = L, N = N, dn = dn, e = e, lumped_T = lumped_T, diffusion = diffusion)
    @named shell = CircularWallFEM(
        L = L, N = N, d = dn, t_layer = t_layer, λ = λ, cp = cp, ρ = ρ)
    @named surfconv = CylindricalSurfaceConvection(L = L, N = N, d = dn +
                                                                     2.0 * sum(t_layer), α = α)
    systems = [fluid_region, shell, inlet, outlet, surfconv]
    eqs = [connect(fluid_region.inlet, inlet)
           connect(fluid_region.outlet, outlet)
           connect(fluid_region.heatport, shell.inner_heatport)
           connect(shell.outer_heatport, surfconv.heatport)]
    ODESystem(eqs, t, [], []; systems = systems, name = name)
end

function Source(; name, p_feed = 100000)
    @named outlet = FluidPort()
    sts = @variables m_flow(t) = 1e-6
    eqs = [m_flow ~ m_flow_source(t)
           outlet.m ~ -m_flow
           outlet.p ~ p_feed
           outlet.T ~ T_source(t)]
    compose(ODESystem(eqs, t, sts, []; name = name), [outlet])
end

function Sink(; name)
    @named inlet = FluidPort()
    eqs = [
        inlet.T ~ instream(inlet.T)
    ]
    compose(ODESystem(eqs, t, [], []; name = name), [inlet])
end

function TestBenchPreinsulated(; name, L = 1.0, dn = 0.05, t_layer = [0.0056, 0.013],
        N = 100, diffusion = true, lumped_T = 20)
    @named pipe = PreinsulatedPipe(L = L, dn = dn, N = N, diffusion = diffusion,
        t_layer = t_layer, lumped_T = lumped_T)
    @named source = Source()
    @named sink = Sink()
    subs = [source, pipe, sink]
    eqs = [connect(source.outlet, pipe.inlet)
           connect(pipe.outlet, sink.inlet)]
    compose(ODESystem(eqs, t, [], []; name = name), subs)
end

function compile_run_problem(sys;
        solver = FBDF(; autodiff = AutoForwardDiff()),
        duref = nothing)
    tspan = (0.0, 19 * 3600.0)
    t0 = time()
    u0map = [v => 12.0 for v in unknowns(sys)]
    prob = ODEProblem(sys, u0map, tspan; sparse = true,
        warn_initialize_determined = false, initializealg = NoInit())
    (; f, u0, p) = prob
    ff = f.f
    du = similar(u0)
    ff(du, u0, p, 0.0)
    t_fode = time() - t0
    duref === nothing || @assert duref ≈ du
    t_run = @belapsed $ff($du, $u0, $p, 0.0)
    t_solve = @elapsed sol = solve(prob, solver; reltol = 1e-6, abstol = 1e-6, saveat = 100)
    @assert SciMLBase.successful_retcode(sol)
    (t_fode, t_run, t_solve), du
end

function run_and_time_julia!(ss_times, times, total_times, i, N)
    @named testbench = TestBenchPreinsulated(L = 470, N = N, dn = 0.3127, t_layer = [
        0.0056, 0.058])
    ss_times[i] = @elapsed sys_mtk = mtkcompile(testbench)
    times[i], _ = compile_run_problem(sys_mtk)
    t_fode, t_run, t_solve = times[i]
    total_times[i, 1] = ss_times[i] + t_fode + t_solve
end
run_and_time_julia! (generic function with 1 method)
N = [5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 160, 320, 480, 640, 800, 960, 1280];
N_states = 4 .* N; # x-axis for plots
# max size we run per method, including OpenModelica
max_sizes = [last(N), last(N)];
# NaN-initialize so Makie will ignore incomplete
ss_times = fill(NaN, length(N));
# more indepth Julia-times
times = fill((NaN, NaN, NaN), length(N));
# all times: MTK, OpenModelica, Dymola
total_times = fill(NaN, length(N), 3);

Julia Timings

@time run_and_time_julia!(ss_times, times, total_times, 1, 4); # precompile
for (i, n) in enumerate(N)
    @time run_and_time_julia!(ss_times, times, total_times, i, n)
end
160.859643 seconds (177.49 M allocations: 9.315 GiB, 2.40% gc time, 99.04% 
compilation time: 36% of which was recompilation)
  4.054184 seconds (3.30 M allocations: 176.679 MiB, 65.98% compilation tim
e)
  4.335669 seconds (4.06 M allocations: 208.519 MiB, 2.84% gc time, 64.99% 
compilation time)
  5.199944 seconds (5.70 M allocations: 275.836 MiB, 2.19% gc time, 61.03% 
compilation time)
  7.199618 seconds (10.38 M allocations: 478.369 MiB, 1.46% gc time, 63.38%
 compilation time)
  9.264826 seconds (14.67 M allocations: 646.983 MiB, 2.54% gc time, 60.20%
 compilation time)
 13.510870 seconds (20.30 M allocations: 871.027 MiB, 4.86% gc time, 51.49%
 compilation time)
 41.120423 seconds (50.41 M allocations: 2.040 GiB, 2.12% gc time, 37.21% c
ompilation time)
 92.887831 seconds (148.06 M allocations: 5.961 GiB, 4.34% gc time, 40.72% 
compilation time)
182.200596 seconds (293.29 M allocations: 11.626 GiB, 4.13% gc time, 34.48%
 compilation time)
302.990004 seconds (517.69 M allocations: 19.858 GiB, 4.38% gc time, 31.49%
 compilation time)
469.808688 seconds (795.19 M allocations: 30.186 GiB, 4.10% gc time, 30.13%
 compilation time)
677.146576 seconds (1.13 G allocations: 42.226 GiB, 3.97% gc time, 27.32% c
ompilation time)
1167.685159 seconds (1.99 G allocations: 72.644 GiB, 4.26% gc time, 26.27% 
compilation time)

Time OpenModelica

using OMJulia, CSV, DataFrames
mod = OMJulia.OMCSession();
OMJulia.sendExpression(mod, "getVersion()")
OMJulia.sendExpression(mod, "installPackage(Modelica)")
modelicafile = "../../benchmarks/ModelingToolkit/DhnControl.mo"
resultfile = "modelica_res.csv"

@show "Start OpenModelica Timings"

for i in eachindex(N)
    n = N[i]
    n > max_sizes[end] && break
    @show n
    totaltime = @elapsed res = begin
        @sync ModelicaSystem(mod, modelicafile, "DhnControl.Test.test_preinsulated_470_$n")
        sendExpression(mod, "simulate(DhnControl.Test.test_preinsulated_470_$n)")
    end
    #runtime = res["timeTotal"]
    @assert res["messages"][1:11] == "LOG_SUCCESS"
    total_times[i, 2] = totaltime
end

OMJulia.quit(mod)
total_times[:, 2]
"Start OpenModelica Timings" = "Start OpenModelica Timings"
n = 5
n = 10
n = 20
n = 40
n = 60
n = 80
n = 160
n = 320
n = 480
n = 640
n = 800
n = 960
n = 1280
13-element Vector{Float64}:
   4.677776716
   3.716024314
   5.958861806
  10.752853246
  15.544922506
  20.660293004
  41.020119178
  85.255619972
 132.521331867
 183.881996847
 237.487050874
 290.464767294
 434.45636033

Time Dymola

Dymola requires a license server and thus cannot be hosted. This was run locally for the following times:

translation_and_total_times = [1.802 1.921
                               1.78 1.846
                               1.84 1.877
                               2.028 2.075
                               2.221 2.283
                               2.409 2.496
                               3.189 3.427
                               4.758 5.577
                               6.39 8.128
                               8.052 11.026
                               9.707 14.393
                               11.411 17.752
                               15.094 27.268]
total_times[:, 3] = translation_and_total_times[1:length(N), 2]
13-element Vector{Float64}:
  1.921
  1.846
  1.877
  2.075
  2.283
  2.496
  3.427
  5.577
  8.128
 11.026
 14.393
 17.752
 27.268

Generate Final Plots

f = Figure(size = (800, 800));
let ax = Axis(f[1, 1]; yscale = log10, xscale = log10, title = "Structural Simplify Time")
    lines!(N, ss_times)
end
for (i, timecat) in enumerate(("ODEProblem + f!", "Run", "Solve"))
    title = timecat * " Time"
    ax = Axis(f[i + 1, 1]; yscale = log10, xscale = log10, title)
    lines!(N, getindex.(times, i))
end
f

f2 = Figure(size = (800, 400));
title = "Total Time: Thermal Fluid Benchmark"
ax = Axis(f2[1, 1]; yscale = log10, xscale = log10, title)
names = ["MTK", "OpenModelica", "Dymola"]
_lines = map(enumerate(names)) do (j, label)
    ts = @view(total_times[:, j])
    lines!(N_states, ts)
end
Legend(f2[1, 2], _lines, names)
f2

Appendix

Appendix

These benchmarks are a part of the SciMLBenchmarks.jl repository, found at: https://github.com/SciML/SciMLBenchmarks.jl. For more information on high-performance scientific machine learning, check out the SciML Open Source Software Organization https://sciml.ai.

To locally run this benchmark, do the following commands:

using SciMLBenchmarks
SciMLBenchmarks.weave_file("benchmarks/ModelingToolkit","ThermalFluid.jmd")

Computer Information:

Julia Version 1.11.9
Commit 53a02c0720c (2026-02-06 00:27 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org/ release
Platform Info:
  OS: Linux (x86_64-linux-gnu)
  CPU: 128 × AMD EPYC 7502 32-Core Processor
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-16.0.6 (ORCJIT, znver2)
Threads: 128 default, 0 interactive, 64 GC (on 128 virtual cores)
Environment:
  JULIA_NUM_THREADS = auto

Package Information:

Status `/julia/github-runners/amdci1-1/_work/SciMLBenchmarks.jl/SciMLBenchmarks.jl/benchmarks/ModelingToolkit/Project.toml`
  [6e4b80f9] BenchmarkTools v1.8.0
  [336ed68f] CSV v0.10.17
  [13f3f980] CairoMakie v0.15.14
  [a93c6f00] DataFrames v1.8.2
⌃ [7ed4a6bd] LinearSolve v5.17.3
  [961ee093] ModelingToolkit v11.43.1
  [16a59e39] ModelingToolkitStandardLibrary v2.29.8
⌅ [0f4fe800] OMJulia v0.3.3
  [1dea7af3] OrdinaryDiffEq v7.8.1
  [43230ef6] OrdinaryDiffEqRosenbrock v2.7.3
  [f27b6e38] Polynomials v4.1.3
  [0bca4576] SciMLBase v3.54.0
  [31c91b34] SciMLBenchmarks v0.2.1
  [0c5d862f] Symbolics v7.39.2
  [95ff35a0] XSteam v0.3.0 `https://github.com/hzgzh/XSteam.jl.git#f2a1c58`
  [de0858da] Printf v1.11.0
Info Packages marked with ⌃ and ⌅ have new versions available. Those with ⌃ may be upgradable, but those with ⌅ are restricted by compatibility constraints from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated`

And the full manifest:

Status `/julia/github-runners/amdci1-1/_work/SciMLBenchmarks.jl/SciMLBenchmarks.jl/benchmarks/ModelingToolkit/Manifest.toml`
  [47edcb42] ADTypes v1.24.0
  [14f7f29c] AMD v0.5.4
  [621f4979] AbstractFFTs v1.5.0
  [6e696c72] AbstractPlutoDingetjes v1.4.1
  [1520ce14] AbstractTrees v0.4.5
  [7d9f7c33] Accessors v0.1.45
  [79e6a3ab] Adapt v4.7.0
  [35492f91] AdaptivePredicates v1.2.0
  [66dad0bd] AliasTables v1.1.3
  [27a7e980] Animations v0.4.2
  [ec485272] ArnoldiMethod v0.4.0
  [4fba245c] ArrayInterface v7.30.2
  [4c555306] ArrayLayouts v1.12.2
  [67c07d97] Automa v1.2.0
  [13072b0f] AxisAlgorithms v1.1.0
  [39de3d68] AxisArrays v0.4.8
  [aae01518] BandedMatrices v1.12.0
  [18cc8868] BaseDirs v1.4.0
  [6e4b80f9] BenchmarkTools v1.8.0
  [e2ed5e7c] Bijections v0.2.2
  [b2a6c25c] BinaryHeaps v1.1.0
  [caf10ac8] BipartiteGraphs v0.1.14
  [8e7c35d0] BlockArrays v1.10.0
  [70df07ce] BracketingNonlinearSolve v1.12.7
  [fa961155] CEnum v0.5.0
  [96374032] CRlibm v1.0.2
  [336ed68f] CSV v0.10.17
  [159f3aea] Cairo v1.1.1
  [13f3f980] CairoMakie v0.15.14
  [d360d2e6] ChainRulesCore v1.26.1
  [944b1d66] CodecZlib v0.7.9
  [6b39b394] CodecZstd v0.8.7
  [a2cac450] ColorBrewer v0.4.2
  [35d6a980] ColorSchemes v3.31.0
  [3da002f7] ColorTypes v0.12.1
  [c3611d14] ColorVectorSpace v0.11.0
  [5ae59095] Colors v0.13.1
⌅ [861a8166] Combinatorics v1.0.2
  [38540f10] CommonSolve v0.2.14
  [bbf7d656] CommonSubexpressions v0.3.1
  [f70d9fcc] CommonWorldInvalidations v1.2.2
  [34da2185] Compat v4.18.1
  [b152e2b5] CompositeTypes v0.1.4
  [a33af91c] CompositionsBase v0.1.2
  [95dc2771] ComputePipeline v0.1.8
  [2569d6c7] ConcreteStructs v0.2.8
  [187b0558] ConstructionBase v1.6.0
  [d38c429a] Contour v0.6.3
  [b7a15901] CoreMath v0.1.0
  [a8cc5b0e] Crayons v4.2.0
  [9a962f9c] DataAPI v1.16.0
  [a93c6f00] DataFrames v1.8.2
  [864edb3b] DataStructures v0.19.6
  [e2d170a0] DataValueInterfaces v1.0.0
  [927a84f5] DelaunayTriangulation v1.6.7
  [2b5f629d] DiffEqBase v7.21.1
  [459566f4] DiffEqCallbacks v4.19.4
  [163ba53b] DiffResults v1.1.0
  [b552c78f] DiffRules v1.16.0
  [a0c0ee7d] DifferentiationInterface v0.7.21
  [31c24e10] Distributions v0.25.131
  [ffbed154] DocStringExtensions v0.9.5
  [5b8099bc] DomainSets v0.8.1
  [7c1d4256] DynamicPolynomials v0.6.8
  [4e289a0a] EnumX v1.0.7
  [f151be2c] EnzymeCore v0.8.21
  [429591f6] ExactPredicates v2.2.9
  [e2ba6199] ExprTools v0.1.11
  [55351af7] ExproniconLite v0.10.14
  [b86e33f2] FFTA v0.3.1
  [7034ab61] FastBroadcast v1.4.0
  [9aa1b823] FastClosures v0.3.2
  [a4df4552] FastPower v1.5.0
  [5789e2e9] FileIO v1.20.0
  [8fc22ac5] FilePaths v0.9.0
  [48062228] FilePathsBase v0.9.24
  [1a297f60] FillArrays v1.17.0
  [64ca27bc] FindFirstFunctions v3.2.1
  [6a86dc24] FiniteDiff v2.33.0
⌅ [53c48c17] FixedPointNumbers v0.8.6
  [1fa38f19] Format v1.3.7
  [f6369f11] ForwardDiff v1.4.6
  [b38be410] FreeType v4.1.1
  [663a7486] FreeTypeAbstraction v0.10.8
  [a85aefff] FunctionMaps v0.1.2
  [069b7b12] FunctionWrappers v1.1.3
  [77dc65aa] FunctionWrappersWrappers v1.13.0
  [46192b85] GPUArraysCore v0.2.0
  [a0844989] Gamma v1.2.0
  [5c1252a2] GeometryBasics v0.5.12
  [a2bd30eb] Graphics v1.1.3
  [86223c79] Graphs v1.15.0
  [3955a311] GridLayoutBase v0.11.3
⌅ [eafb193a] Highlights v0.5.3
  [34004b35] HypergeometricFunctions v0.3.30
  [2803e5a7] ImageAxes v0.6.12
  [c817782e] ImageBase v0.1.7
  [a09fc81d] ImageCore v0.10.5
  [82e4d734] ImageIO v0.6.10
  [bc367c6b] ImageMetadata v0.9.10
  [3263718b] ImplicitDiscreteSolve v2.3.0
  [9b13fd28] IndirectArrays v1.0.0
  [d25df0c9] Inflate v0.1.5
⌅ [842dd82b] InlineStrings v1.4.6
  [18e54dd8] IntegerMathUtils v0.1.4
  [a98d9a8b] Interpolations v0.16.3
  [d1acc4aa] IntervalArithmetic v1.0.12
  [8197267c] IntervalSets v0.7.14
  [3587e190] InverseFunctions v0.1.17
  [41ab1584] InvertedIndices v1.3.1
  [92d709cd] IrrationalConstants v0.2.6
  [f1662d9f] Isoband v0.1.1
  [c8e1da08] IterTools v1.10.0
  [82899510] IteratorInterfaceExtensions v1.0.0
  [692b3bcd] JLLWrappers v1.8.0
⌅ [682c06a0] JSON v0.21.4
  [ae98c720] Jieko v0.2.1
  [b835a17e] JpegTurbo v0.1.6
⌃ [ccbc3e58] JumpProcesses v9.32.3
  [5ab0869b] KernelDensity v0.6.12
  [ba0b0d4f] Krylov v0.10.10
  [2faa5264] LHLFactorization v2.2.2
  [b964fa9f] LaTeXStrings v1.4.1
  [8cdb02fc] LazyModules v0.3.1
  [9c8b4983] LightXML v0.9.3
  [87fe0de2] LineSearch v0.1.18
⌃ [7ed4a6bd] LinearSolve v5.17.3
  [2ab3a3ac] LogExpFunctions v1.0.1
  [e6f89c97] LoggingExtras v1.2.0
  [1914dd2f] MacroTools v0.5.16
  [ee78f7c6] Makie v0.24.14
  [dbb5928d] MappedArrays v0.4.3
  [0a4f8689] MathTeXEngine v0.6.9
  [bb5d69b7] MaybeInplace v0.1.8
  [e1d29d7a] Missings v1.2.0
  [961ee093] ModelingToolkit v11.43.1
⌃ [7771a370] ModelingToolkitBase v1.71.2
  [16a59e39] ModelingToolkitStandardLibrary v2.29.8
  [6bb917b9] ModelingToolkitTearing v1.20.6
  [e94cdb99] MosaicViews v0.3.4
⌅ [2e0e35c7] Moshi v0.3.9
  [46d2c3a1] MuladdMacro v0.2.7
  [102ac46a] MultivariatePolynomials v0.5.19
  [ffc61752] Mustache v1.0.21
  [d8a4904e] MutableArithmetics v1.8.0
  [77ba4419] NaNMath v1.1.4
  [f09324ee] Netpbm v1.1.1
⌃ [8913a72c] NonlinearSolve v4.30.0
⌃ [be0214bd] NonlinearSolveBase v2.49.5
⌃ [5959db7a] NonlinearSolveFirstOrder v2.6.1
  [9a2c21bd] NonlinearSolveQuasiNewton v1.15.3
  [26075421] NonlinearSolveSpectralMethods v1.8.3
⌅ [0f4fe800] OMJulia v0.3.3
  [510215fc] Observables v0.5.5
  [6fe1bfb0] OffsetArrays v1.17.0
  [52e1d378] OpenEXR v0.3.3
  [bac558e1] OrderedCollections v2.0.1
  [1dea7af3] OrdinaryDiffEq v7.8.1
⌃ [6ad6398a] OrdinaryDiffEqBDF v2.4.9
⌃ [bbf590c4] OrdinaryDiffEqCore v4.17.2
  [50262376] OrdinaryDiffEqDefault v2.6.2
  [4302a76b] OrdinaryDiffEqDifferentiation v3.12.0
  [127b3ac7] OrdinaryDiffEqNonlinearSolve v2.9.8
  [43230ef6] OrdinaryDiffEqRosenbrock v2.7.3
  [b4bd8bb3] OrdinaryDiffEqRosenbrockTableaus v2.4.2
⌃ [2d112036] OrdinaryDiffEqSDIRK v2.9.4
  [b1df2697] OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5 v2.1.4
  [79d7bb75] OrdinaryDiffEqVerner v2.4.1
  [90014a1f] PDMats v0.11.41
  [f57f5aa1] PNGFiles v0.4.5
  [19eb6ba3] Packing v0.5.1
  [5432bcbf] PaddedViews v0.5.12
⌅ [69de0a69] Parsers v2.8.8
  [eebad327] PkgVersion v0.3.3
  [995b91a9] PlotUtils v1.4.4
  [e409e4f3] PoissonRandom v0.4.13
  [647866c9] PolygonOps v0.1.2
  [f27b6e38] Polynomials v4.1.3
  [2dfb63ee] PooledArrays v1.4.3
  [d236fae5] PreallocationTools v1.7.1
⌅ [aea7be01] PrecompileTools v1.2.1
  [21216c6a] Preferences v1.6.0
  [08abe8d2] PrettyTables v3.4.8
  [27ebfcd6] Primes v0.5.7
  [92933f4c] ProgressMeter v1.11.0
  [43287f4e] PtrArrays v1.4.0
  [0c0d3e7f] PureKLU v1.5.0
  [4b34888f] QOI v1.0.2
  [1fd47b50] QuadGK v2.11.3
  [b3c3ace0] RangeArrays v0.3.2
  [c84ed2f1] Ratios v0.4.5
  [988b38a3] ReadOnlyArrays v0.2.0
  [795d4caa] ReadOnlyDicts v1.0.1
  [3cdcf5f2] RecipesBase v1.3.4
  [731186ca] RecursiveArrayTools v4.5.1
  [189a3867] Reexport v1.2.2
  [05181044] RelocatableFolders v1.0.1
  [ae029012] Requires v1.3.1
  [9fe22ead] RespecializeParams v1.3.0
  [79098fc4] Rmath v0.9.0
  [f2b01f46] Roots v3.0.8
  [5eaf0fd0] RoundingEmulator v0.2.1
  [7e49a35a] RuntimeGeneratedFunctions v0.5.26
  [9dfe8606] SCCNonlinearSolve v1.15.3
  [fdea26ae] SIMD v3.7.2
  [0bca4576] SciMLBase v3.54.0
  [31c91b34] SciMLBenchmarks v0.2.1
  [19f34311] SciMLJacobianOperators v0.1.19
  [a6db7da4] SciMLLogging v2.1.0
⌃ [c0aeaf25] SciMLOperators v1.30.0
  [431bcebd] SciMLPublic v1.3.0
  [53ae85a6] SciMLStructures v1.10.5
  [6c6a2e73] Scratch v1.3.0
  [91c51154] SentinelArrays v1.4.10
  [efcf1570] Setfield v1.1.2
  [65257c39] ShaderAbstractions v0.5.0
  [73760f76] SignedDistanceFields v0.4.1
  [727e6d20] SimpleNonlinearSolve v2.14.5
  [699a6c99] SimpleTraits v0.9.6
  [45858cf5] Sixel v0.1.5
  [a2af1166] SortingAlgorithms v1.2.3
  [a57abbd0] SparseColumnPivotedQR v2.1.8
  [0a514795] SparseMatrixColorings v0.4.28
  [276daf66] SpecialFunctions v2.9.0
  [860ef19b] StableRNGs v1.0.4
  [cae243ae] StackViews v0.1.2
  [0c0c59c1] StarAlgebras v0.3.0
  [64909d44] StateSelection v1.11.1
  [90137ffa] StaticArrays v1.9.20
  [1e83bf80] StaticArraysCore v1.4.4
  [10745b16] Statistics v1.11.5
  [82ae8749] StatsAPI v1.8.0
  [2913bbd2] StatsBase v0.34.13
  [4c63d2b9] StatsFuns v2.2.1
  [69024149] StringEncodings v0.3.7
⌅ [892a3eda] StringManipulation v0.5.0
  [09ab397b] StructArrays v0.7.3
  [2efcf032] SymbolicIndexingInterface v0.3.55
  [19f23fe9] SymbolicLimits v1.2.1
  [d1185830] SymbolicUtils v4.46.6
  [0c5d862f] Symbolics v7.39.2
  [3783bdb8] TableTraits v1.0.1
  [bd369af6] Tables v1.14.0
  [ed4db957] TaskLocalValues v0.1.3
  [62fd8b95] TensorCore v0.1.1
  [8ea1fca8] TermInterface v2.0.0
  [731e570b] TiffImages v0.11.9
  [a759f4b9] TimerOutputs v1.2.1
  [3bb67fe8] TranscodingStreams v0.11.3
  [981d1d27] TriplotBase v0.1.0
  [781d530d] TruncatedStacktraces v1.4.0
  [3a884ed6] UnPack v1.0.2
  [1cfade01] UnicodeFun v0.4.1
  [1986cc42] Unitful v1.29.0
  [d30d5f5c] WeakCacheSets v0.1.0
  [ea10d353] WeakRefStrings v1.4.3
  [44d3d7a6] Weave v0.10.12
  [e3aaa7dc] WebP v0.1.3
  [efce3f68] WoodburyMatrices v1.1.0
  [76eceee3] WorkerUtilities v1.6.1
  [95ff35a0] XSteam v0.3.0 `https://github.com/hzgzh/XSteam.jl.git#f2a1c58`
  [ddb6d928] YAML v0.4.16
  [c2297ded] ZMQ v1.5.1
  [6e34b625] Bzip2_jll v1.0.9+0
  [4e9b3aee] CRlibm_jll v1.0.1+0
  [83423d85] Cairo_jll v1.18.7+0
  [a38c48d9] CoreMath_jll v0.1.0+0
⌅ [5ae413db] EarCut_jll v2.2.4+0
  [2e619515] Expat_jll v2.8.4+0
⌅ [b22a6f82] FFMPEG_jll v8.1.2+0
  [a3f928ae] Fontconfig_jll v2.17.1+0
  [d7e528f0] FreeType2_jll v2.14.3+1
  [559328eb] FriBidi_jll v1.0.17+0
⌅ [b0724c58] GettextRuntime_jll v0.22.4+0
⌅ [59f7168a] Giflib_jll v5.2.3+0
  [7746bdde] Glib_jll v2.88.3+0
  [3b182d85] Graphite2_jll v1.3.16+0
  [2e76f6c2] HarfBuzz_jll v100.14004.0+0
  [905a6f67] Imath_jll v3.2.2+0
  [1d5cc7b8] IntelOpenMP_jll v2025.2.0+0
  [aacddb02] JpegTurbo_jll v3.2.0+1
  [c1c5ebd0] LAME_jll v3.100.3+0
  [88015f11] LERC_jll v4.2.0+0
  [1d63c593] LLVMOpenMP_jll v23.1.1+0
⌅ [e9f186c6] Libffi_jll v3.4.7+0
  [7e76a0d4] Libglvnd_jll v1.7.1+1
  [94ce4f54] Libiconv_jll v1.18.0+0
  [4b2f31a3] Libmount_jll v2.42.0+0
  [89763e89] Libtiff_jll v4.7.3+0
  [38a345b3] Libuuid_jll v2.42.0+0
  [856f044c] MKL_jll v2025.2.0+0
  [e7412a2a] Ogg_jll v1.3.6+0
  [6cdc7f73] OpenBLASConsistentFPCSR_jll v0.3.34+0
  [18a262bb] OpenEXR_jll v3.4.15+0
  [458c3c95] OpenSSL_jll v3.5.8+0
  [efe28fd5] OpenSpecFun_jll v0.5.6+0
  [91d4177d] Opus_jll v1.6.1+0
  [36c8627f] Pango_jll v1.58.2+0
  [30392449] Pixman_jll v0.46.4+0
  [f50d1b31] Rmath_jll v0.5.2+0
  [02c8fc9c] XML2_jll v2.15.3+0
  [ffd25f8a] XZ_jll v5.8.4+0
  [4f6342f7] Xorg_libX11_jll v1.8.13+0
  [0c0b7dd1] Xorg_libXau_jll v1.0.13+0
  [a3789734] Xorg_libXdmcp_jll v1.1.6+0
  [1082639a] Xorg_libXext_jll v1.3.8+0
  [d091e8ba] Xorg_libXfixes_jll v6.0.2+0
  [ea2f1a96] Xorg_libXrender_jll v0.9.12+0
  [a65dc6b1] Xorg_libpciaccess_jll v0.19.0+0
  [c7cfdc94] Xorg_libxcb_jll v1.17.1+0
  [c5fb5394] Xorg_xtrans_jll v1.6.0+0
  [8f1865be] ZeroMQ_jll v4.3.6+0
  [3161d3a3] Zstd_jll v1.5.7+1
  [9a68df92] isoband_jll v0.2.3+0
  [a4ae2306] libaom_jll v3.14.1+0
  [0ac62f75] libass_jll v0.17.5+0
  [8e53e030] libdrm_jll v2.4.134+0
  [f638f0a6] libfdk_aac_jll v2.0.4+0
  [b53b4c65] libpng_jll v1.6.58+0
  [075b6546] libsixel_jll v1.10.5+0
  [a9144af2] libsodium_jll v1.0.21+0
  [9a156e7d] libva_jll v2.23.0+0
  [f27f6e37] libvorbis_jll v1.3.8+0
  [c5f90fcd] libwebp_jll v1.6.0+0
  [1317d2d5] oneTBB_jll v2022.3.0+0
⌅ [1270edf5] x264_jll v10164.0.1+0
  [dfaa095f] x265_jll v4.1.0+0
  [0dad84c5] ArgTools v1.1.2
  [56f22d72] Artifacts v1.11.0
  [2a0f44e3] Base64 v1.11.0
  [8bf52ea8] CRC32c v1.11.0
  [ade2ca70] Dates v1.11.0
  [8ba89e20] Distributed v1.11.0
  [f43a241f] Downloads v1.6.0
  [7b1f6079] FileWatching v1.11.0
  [9fa8497b] Future v1.11.0
  [b77e0a4c] InteractiveUtils v1.11.0
  [4af54fe1] LazyArtifacts v1.11.0
  [b27032c2] LibCURL v0.6.4
  [76f85450] LibGit2 v1.11.0
  [8f399da3] Libdl v1.11.0
  [37e2e46d] LinearAlgebra v1.11.0
  [56ddb016] Logging v1.11.0
  [d6f4376e] Markdown v1.11.0
  [a63ad114] Mmap v1.11.0
  [ca575930] NetworkOptions v1.2.0
  [44cfe95a] Pkg v1.11.0
  [de0858da] Printf v1.11.0
  [9abbd945] Profile v1.11.0
  [3fa0cd96] REPL v1.11.0
  [9a3f8284] Random v1.11.0
  [ea8e919c] SHA v0.7.0
  [9e88b42a] Serialization v1.11.0
  [1a1011a3] SharedArrays v1.11.0
  [6462fe0b] Sockets v1.11.0
  [2f01184e] SparseArrays v1.11.0
  [f489334b] StyledStrings v1.11.0
  [4607b0f0] SuiteSparse
  [fa267f1f] TOML v1.0.3
  [a4e569a6] Tar v1.10.0
  [8dfed614] Test v1.11.0
  [cf7118a7] UUIDs v1.11.0
  [4ec0a83e] Unicode v1.11.0
  [e66e0078] CompilerSupportLibraries_jll v1.1.1+0
  [deac9b47] LibCURL_jll v8.6.0+0
  [e37daf67] LibGit2_jll v1.7.2+0
  [29816b5a] LibSSH2_jll v1.11.0+1
  [c8ffd9c3] MbedTLS_jll v2.28.6+0
  [14a3606d] MozillaCACerts_jll v2023.12.12
  [4536629a] OpenBLAS_jll v0.3.27+1
  [05823500] OpenLibm_jll v0.8.5+0
  [efcefdf7] PCRE2_jll v10.42.0+1
  [bea87d4a] SuiteSparse_jll v7.7.0+0
  [83775a58] Zlib_jll v1.2.13+1
  [8e850b90] libblastrampoline_jll v5.11.0+0
  [8e850ede] nghttp2_jll v1.59.0+0
  [3f19e933] p7zip_jll v17.4.0+2
Info Packages marked with ⌃ and ⌅ have new versions available. Those with ⌃ may be upgradable, but those with ⌅ are restricted by compatibility constraints from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated -m`